Trees planted at wide spacing naturally develop a shorter trunk, with a greater tendency to a sinuous and forked shape. They often bear many vigorous lateral branches that can hamper the movement of agricultural machinery.
Documents:
The Heather-Farm
Limousin, Central France.
Montado + cattle
SouthEast Portugal, by João Palma
Mature grazed woodland at Clapham Park
Bedfordshire, UK
Wakelyns Agroforestry, Suffolk, UK
Photo by Permaculture Association
Goats and Fraxinus, Portugal
Photo by Joana Amaral Paulo
Traditional meadow in Joensuu, Finland
Photo by Michael den Herder
Montado near Montemor-o-Novo
Portugal, photo by Michael den Herder
2nd EURAF Conference, 4-6 June 2014, Cottbus, Germany
Rosa Mosquera-Losada presenting an overview of EURAF activities
Trees planted on grasslands and between fields in the “Juchowo Farm”
North-Western, Poland. Photo by Robert Borek
Silvoarable agroforestry experiment with poplar and barley
Bedfordshire in 2002, UK, by Paul Burgess.
